Papillary intralymphatic angioendothelioma: Dabska tumor.

Papillary intralymphatic angioendothelioma (Dabska tumor) is a rarely metastasizing lymphatic vascular neoplasm that usually affects children and young adults. The majority of these cases occur in soft tissues of extremities, and to date less than 40 cases have been described. Despite the generally indolent evolution, can be locally invasive with the potential to metastasize. We describe a case of a young woman presenting with a plantar lesion, for 9 months and histological diagnosis of Dabska tumor. This neoplasm should be considered in the differential diagnosis of vascular dermatoses, allowing early diagnosis and treatment. Long-term follow-up should be performed.

Papillary intralymphatic angioendothelioma: Dabska tumor

Abstract Papillary intralymphatic angioendothelioma (Dabska tumor) is a rarely metastasizing lymphatic vascular neoplasm that usually affects children and young adults. The majority of these cases occur in soft tissues of extremities, and to date less than 40 cases have been described. Despite the generally indolent evolution, can be locally invasive with the potential to metastasize. We describe a case of a young woman presenting with a plantar lesion, for 9 months and histological diagnosis of Dabska tumor. This neoplasm should be considered in the differential diagnosis of vascular dermatoses, allowing early diagnosis and treatment. Long-term follow-up should be performed.

Inclusiones benignas glandulares en ganglio centinela de mama en paciente con carcinoma mamario / Benign glandular inclusions in the sentinel gland in a breast cancer patient

Las inclusiones benignas glandulares en ganglios linfáticos axilares son lesiones muy poco comunes y su interpretación histológica puede ser realizada erróneamente como metástasis de carcinoma de mama. Este problema es aún mayor en estudios intraoperatorios de ganglio centinela de mama en los que puede ser causa de falsos positivos y conducir a un innecesario vaciamiento ganglionar axilar, con la morbilidad que ello conlleva. Presentamos un caso de una paciente con carcinoma de mama en cuya intervención quirúrgica se remitió un ganglio centinela para estudio intraoperatorio que contenía inclusiones benignas glandulares y que ilustra la necesidad de conocer esta patología para evitar sobretratamiento(AU)

Benign glandular inclusions in axillary lymph nodes are very rare lesions which may be mistaken for metastatic carcinoma of the breast. This problem is exacerbated when sentinel nodes are studied intraoperatively during breast surgery, as misdiagnosis can result in false positives leading to unnecessary axillary lymph node dissection and the increased associated morbidity. We report a case of a patient with breast cancer who underwent surgery and the interaoperative histology of the sentinel node revealed the presence of benign glandular inclusions. The diagnostic problem illustrated by this case, together with the importance of avoiding overtreatment, is discussed(AU)

Analysis of children with peripheral lymphadenopathy.

In this study, the clinical and laboratory features of children with lymphadenopathy were evaluated. Over a 3-year period, 126 patients were referred to the clinic for lymphadenopathy. Twenty-eight of cases have diseases mimicking lymphadenopathy; 98 (mean age: 86+/-55 months) have lymphadenopathy. Localized, limited, and generalized involvement was found in 52%, 30%, and 18% of patients. The most common localization was the head and neck region. The causes of lymphadenopathy were benign diseases in 75 patients. Sixty percent were reactive lymphadenopathy, 39% were lymphadenitis. Lymphadenitis was more frequently localized and bigger than 3 cm compared with reactive adenopathy (p=.02, p=.004). Twenty-three patients have malignant diseases whose mean age was higher than others (p=.002). The enlargement of supraclavicular nodes was more likely due to malignant disease (p=.001). The risk of malignant disease was higher in patients who had generalized lymphadenopathy, lymph nodes bigger than 3 cm, hepatosplenomegaly, and high lactate dehydrogenase levels. In conclusion, this study pointed out the important clues for the differential diagnosis, which were present in the history, physical, and laboratory findings.

Identification of lymphatic endothelium in pediatric vascular tumors and malformations.

The distinction between lymphatic and other vascular vessels on microscopic sections is a challenging task. D2-40, a novel antibody, has been reported to be selective for lymphatic endothelium. We studied the specificity and sensitivity of D2-40 in pediatric vascular tumors and malformations. Fourteen lymphatic and 11 vascular lesions were randomly selected and stained with D2-40 and CD31 antibodies. The lymphatic lesions included 6 lymphatic malformations, 5 cystic hygromas (macrocystic lymphatic malformation), 2 lymphovenous malformations, and 1 lymphangioma, and the vascular lesions comprised 3 infantile hemangiomas, 3 Kaposiform hemangioendotheliomas, 2 tufted angiomas, 1 pyogenic granuloma, 1 arteriovenous, and 1 venulocapillary malformations. The staining patterns of the vascular channels were compared. In all lesions D2-40 labeled only the endothelium of thin-walled vascular channels morphologically consistent with lymphatic vessels (25 of 25). No staining of the vascular lesions (0 of 11) or of arteries and veins (0 of 25) was observed. All lymphatic lesions had D2-40-positive vessels; however, the percentage of vessels that stained varied. Five lymphatic lesions showed more than 75% D2-40-positive channels, 5 lesions had approximately 50%, and 4 cases showed fewer than 25% D2-40-positive channels. There was a tendency of more consistent D2-40 staining of small versus large lymphatic channels. CD31 constantly labeled arteries, veins, capillaries, and lymphatics in all lesions and all endothelial cells in the vascular lesions. D2-40 is a very specific antibody for lymphatic endothelium, with variable sensitivity. CD31 more reliably identifies lymphatic endothelium. Currently, D2-40 appears to be a good marker to identify lymphatic vessels in pediatric vascular tumors and malformations.

Endothelial lesions of soft tissues: a review of reactive and neoplastic entities with emphasis on low-grade malignant ("borderline") vascular tumors.

Soft tissue proliferations composed of endothelial cells are a heterogeneous group of lesions that can cause diagnostic difficulty. Further complicating the issue is the constantly changing nomenclature of some entities, as well as reclassification of some vascular tumors from the high-grade malignant category to the low-grade malignant or borderline category. Modern ancillary techniques such as immunohistochemistry and cytogenetics have done little to advance our knowledge of these lesions. This review article outlines the most recent classification of endothelial lesions of the skin and soft tissues, with emphasis on the low-grade malignant (borderline) category. In addition, many tumor-like lesions containing an endothelial component are also discussed.

[Tumors of the lymphatic vessel of the skin and soft tissue]. / Lymphgefässtumoren der Haut und des Weichgewebes.

Tumours of lymphatic vessels comprise only a small group in the heterogeneous spectrum of vascular neoplasms of skin and soft tissues. However, this discrepancy between haemangiomas/angiosarcomas and lymphangiomas/lymphangiosarcomas probably represents the present inability to reliably differentiate between lymphatic and capillary vascular endothelium. Histologically, neoplastic lymphatic vessels tend to be lined by endothelial cells with plumper and more prominent, matchstick-like nuclei (in contrast to vascular spaces in haemangiomas that are lined by flat or epithelioid endothelial cells), often show variations in the thickness of the vessel walls and are not completely surrounded by actin-positive (myo)pericytes. Endothelial cells in lymphatic neoplasms tend to be negative for CD34 or stain only focally positive for this marker and an expression of lymphatic markers as vascular endothelial growth factor-C receptor (VEGRF-3), podoplanin and M2A oncofetal antigen has been reported most recently. In addition to "traditional" lymphatic neoplasms including lymphangioma circumscriptum, cavernous lymphangioma/cystic hygroma, benign lymphangioendothelioma, lymphangiomatosis and the rare lymphangiosarcoma, histological and immunohistochemical features of a group of vascular neoplasms with a hobnail cytomorphology (hobnail haemangioma, retiform haemangioendothelioma, papillary intralymphatic angioendothelioma, benign lymphangiomatous papule following radiotherapy) suggest that these lesions also belong to the spectrum of tumours of lymphatic vessels.

Linfangioma de pared torácica. A propósito de un caso / No disponible

El linfangioma es una malformación congénita derivada de los vasos linfáticos y localizada generalmente en la cabeza o en el cuello. La ecografía es útil para orientar el diagnóstico. El tratamiento de elección es la cirugía, siempre que no sea mutilante. Existen otras alternativas terapéuticas como la inyección intralesional de agentes esclerosantes como el OK-432 que es seguro y muchas veces eficaz. Presentamos el caso de un linfangioma de pared torácica en un niño cuya resolución aconteció después de la punción-aspiración realizada al diagnóstico (AU)

Lymphangioma is a benign, congenital type of tumor, derived from lymphatic vessels, and located generally in head and neck. Ultrasonography is the procedure of choice for establishing the diagnosis. The main treatment modality is surgical excision, if it is not mutilating. Intralesional injection OK-432 represents an alternative, safe and effective treatment for lymphangiomas. We present a case of lymphangioma on the thoracic wall, solved after the punction (AU)

Rol de la endosonografía en el cáncer gástrico / Role of the endosonography in the gastric cancer

El objetivo del presente estudio es determinar la utilidad de la endosonografía (ESG) en la etapificación del cáncer gástrico, evaluando la profundidad de invasión parietal y el compromiso linfático, comparando los resultados con el informe histopatológico (HP). Desde septiembre 1994 - mayo 1999 se realizó ESG a 20 pacientes en estudio por cáncer gástrico, los que finalmente fueron sometidos a cirugía resectiva. Las veinte ESG fueron realizadas por el mismo operador, para ello se utilizó Endosonógrafo Olympus EUS de 7.5 Mhz con 360º visión. El compromiso en profundidad de la lesión tumoral y el compromiso linfático se clasificaron de acuerdo a TNM de IUCC. En cuanto a la localización se alcanza correlación de 100 por ciento con el estudio HP; cinco cardial (25 por ciento), once en región corporal (55 por ciento) y los cuatro restantes en la región antral (20 por ciento). Al determinar profundidad de invasión la concordancia global es 70 por ciento; siendo 55 por ciento para T1. 60 por ciento para T2 y 100 por ciento para T3. En la evaluación del compromiso linfático,la concordancia es 85 por ciento para N0, 60 por ciento para N1 y 100 por ciento para N2, presentando sensibilidad 71 por ciento, especificidad 85 por ciento, valor predictivo positivo 71 por ciento y valor predictivo negativo 85 por ciento, obteniendo una concordancia global del 80 por ciento con el estudio HP

Carcinoma erysipelatoides-cutaneous lymphatic vessel spread of a poorly differentiated naso-pharyngeal carcinoma.

Carcinoma erysipelatoides, which is frequently called inflammatory carcinoma, is an uncommon form of skin metastasis. It originates most commonly from breast carcinoma and less often from endometrial or bronchogenic carcinoma. The naso-pharynx is an unusual source for carcinoma erysipelatoides. We present a case of carcinoma erysipelatoides due to poorly differentiated naso-pharyngeal carcinoma.